servant

Most of the entries in these handbooks relate to the servants and day labourers (both male and female) whom this farmer employed.

In particular, we need to look at the complex ways in which imperial servants themselves actually negotiated these codes.

Contrary to the instrumental model of a legally completely ' 'programmed' ' administration, civil servants enjoy considerable flexibility and autonomy when implementing political programmes.

The young unmarried women did not move out of their sibling's household to become, for instance, shop assistants or domestic servants.

However, the self-interest of legislators who were country gentlemen employing servants and farm laborers was also a significant factor.

Gatekeeping took a variety of forms with the civil servants.

Such men remained the under-labourers, the privates, even the servants of the dominant, innovative, geological elite.

The union complained that so few cooks could hardly provide food and act as servants for the ten guards assigned to them.

In keeping with the bureau-shaping models assertions, senior public servants tended to stay in parent departments, retained policy and strategic roles.

Agriculture appears, therefore, to have been carried out with the assistance of thirteen labourers and only three servants in husbandry.

Bureaucratic autonomy was ensured in the first decades of independence, by the retention of expatriate senior civil servants.

Now ministers, more and more, come to look on their top civil servants as managers running a department, rather than as policy advisers.

In a comparison of real administrative costs and real term expenditure, the data support the bureau-shaping thesis that public servants work to maximise their budgets.

Sectional interests were especially powerful, and conquest was driven forward by ambitious colonels, civil servants and professional patriots.

Detection, prosecution, and punishment of corrupt public servants became lax and inefficacious.